Rainbow Products is considering the purchase of a paint-making machine to reduce labor costs. The savings are expected to result in additional cash flows to Rainbow of $5000 per year. The machine costs $35,000 and is expected to last for 15 years. Rainbow has determined that the cost of capital for such an investment is 12%. Instead of the service contract, Rainbow engineers have devised a different option to preserve and actually enhance the capability of the machine over time. By investing 20% of the annual cost savings back into new machine parts, the engineers can increase the cost savings at a 4% annual rate. For example, at the end of year one, 20% of the $5,000 cost savings is reinvested in the machine; the net cash flow is thus $4,000. Next year the cash flow from cost savings grows by 4% to $5,200 gross, or $4,160 net of the 20% investment. As long as the 20% reinvestment continues, the cash flows continue to grow at 4% in perpetuity. What should Rainbow do?
A. What is NPV?
B. What is IRR?
C. What is payback?

In finance, the net present value or net present worth applies to a series of cash flows occurring at different times. The present value of a cash flow depends on the interval of time between now and the cash flow. It also depends on the discount rate. NPV accounts for the time value of money.

The internal rate of return is a measure of an investment’s expected future rate of return. As the IRR is an estimate of a future annual rate of return, IRR should not be confused with the actual achieved investment return of an historical investment.

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mcdonald's fast-food restaurants have a well-designed training program for all new employees. each new employee is supposed to learn how to perform standardized tasks required to maintain mcdonald's service quality. due to labor shortages in some areas, new employees begin work as soon as they are hired and do not receive any off-the-job training. this nonconformity to standards creates control loss.