The main problem with relying on contracts to reduce opportunistic behavior by alliance partners is that a) in cross-border alliances, the contracts are often not enforceable due to differences in legal systems. b) contracts create motivations for rule-evading behavior. c) contracts are ignored by opportunistic firms because the cost of enforcing the contract is too great for the other partner. d) it is impossible to specify all opportunistic actions by an alliance partner.

Which two of the following are benefits of consumer programs

Oerstman, inc. uses a standard costing system and develops its overhead rates from the current annual budget.the budget is based on an expected annual output of 120,000 units requiring 480,000 direct labor hours.(practical capacity is 500,000 hours)annual budgeted overhead costs total $772,800, of which $556,800 is fixed overhead.a total of 119,300 units, using 478,000 direct labor hours, were produced during the year.actual variable overhead costs for the year were $260,400 and actual fixed overhead costs were $555,450.required: 1. compute the fixed overhead spending variance and indicate if favorable or unfavorable.2. compute the fixed overhead volume variance and indicate if favorable or unfavorable.

Differentiate between the trait, behavioral, and results-based performance appraisal systems, providing an example where each would be most applicable.