Determining Credit Rating The chart below shows financial ratios for three companies. Use the data, along with Exhibit 7.4 to determine a bond rating for each of the three companies below. EBITA/ Avg. Assets Operating Margin EBITA Margin EBITA/ Int. Expense (FFO Int Exp)/ Int. Expense Debt/ EBITDA Debt/ Book Cap. FFO/Debt Retained Cash Flow/ Net Debt CAPEX/ Depreciation Revenue Volatility Company 1 12.80% 16.30% 18.82% 15.0 13.4 1.6 38.12% 44.72% 37.64% 1.3 10.1 Company 2 9.20% 11.40% 13.00% 2.8 5.1 3.3 48.60% 21.73% 21.92% 1.2 16.0 Company 3 13.87% 18.62% 20.76% 22.2 20.5 1.3 39.87% 60.82% 32.79% 1.3 6.3 Company Rating Company 1 Company 2 Company 3

Suppose there are three types of consumers who attend concerts at your university’s performing arts center: students, staff, and faculty. each of these groups has a different willingness to pay for tickets; within each group, willingness to pay is identical. there is a fixed cost of $1,000 to put on a concert, but there are essentially no variable costs. for each concert: i. there are 140 students willing to pay $20. (ii) there are 200 staff members willing to pay $35. (iii) there are 100 faculty members willing to pay $50. a) if the performing arts center can charge only one price, what price should it charge? what are profits at this price? b) if the performing arts center can price discriminate and charge two prices, one for students and another for faculty/staff, what are its profits? c) if the performing arts center can perfectly price discriminate and charge students, staff, and faculty three separate prices, what are its profits?