Pitbull Construction Corporation applies IFRS, has equipment that it can reliably measure fair value of, and has chosen to apply the revaluation model to valuing this equipment on its accounting records. The carrying value of this equipment on Pitbull's books at the end of last year, December 31, 20X1, was $200,000. At the end of this year, December 31, 20X2, due to decreased demand for the equipment, especially when resold as used, the fair value is $150,000. For the year 20X2, in relation to this equipment for which Pitbull has chosen to apply the revaluation method, Pitbull must:

Suppose that fixed costs for a firm in the automobile industry (start-up costs of factories, capital equipment, and so on) are $5 billion and that variable costs are equal to $17,000 per finished automobile. because more firms increase competition in the market, the market price falls as more firms enter an automobile market, or specifically, , where n represents the number of firms in a market. assume that the initial size of the u.s. and the european automobile markets are 300 million and 533 million people, respectively.a. calculate the equilibrium number of firms in the u.s. and european automobile markets without trade.b. what is the equilibrium price of automobiles in the united states and europe if the automobile industry is closed to foreign trade? c. now suppose that the united states decides on free trade in automobiles with europe. the trade agreement with the europeans adds 533 million consumers to the automobile market, in addition to the 300 million in the united states. how many automobile firms will there be in the united states and europe combined? what will be the new equilibrium price of automobiles? d. why are prices in the united states different in (c) and (b)? are consumers better off with free trade? in what ways?