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The impact fiscal multiplier is a. usually estimated to have an average value of 2. b. usually estimated to have an average value of 0. c. the actual immediate multiplier effect of a fiscal policy action after taking into consideration direct fiscal offsets and other short-term crowding out of private spending. d. the multiplier effect of a fiscal policy action that applies to a long-run period after all influences on equilibrium real gdp have been taken into account.

Highland company produces a lightweight backpack that is popular with college students. standard variable costs relating to a single backpack are given below

Demand increases by less than supply increases. as a result, (a) equilibrium price will decline and equilibrium quantity will rise. (b) both equilibrium price and quantity will decline. (c) both equilibrium price and quantity will rise