19. The occupational crowding model of discrimination predicts a. why men, in some cases, earn less than women. b. that firms will compete with one another for the best employee and that discrimination will be eliminated. c. that, unless the government gets involved, discrimination will become more severe. d. that men's wages will fall and women's wages will rise when certain jobs are no longer dominated by men. e. the financial advantages for women crowding into a single occupation.

d. that men's wages will fall and women's wages will rise when certain jobs are no longer dominated by men.

Explanation:

Barbara Bergman developed the Occupational Crowding Model in 1971 in order to try to explain why women and certain minority groups earned in average much less than white males. She even calculated any bias due to higher education, but still she was able to show flagrant labor discrimination based on gender and race.

Her study showed how women and minorities are consistently excluded or crowded out from high paying jobs and high corporate positions. The vast majority of high paying jobs and high corporate positions are filled with white non-Latin males (Latins are not a race, they come in all colors, they are a culture).

If this tendency is eliminated, women and minorities should be able to earn similar wages than white non-Latin males since they are capable of performing the same functions in a similar and comparable manner. I.e. all women and all men are equally capable.

This has improved a little bit in the last years, but still the bias against women and minorities still exists. Forty years ago no one would even dream that a large US corporation would be headed by someone from a minority group, but nowadays Apple, Alphabet (Google), Sprint, ADM, HP, and others, are headed by people that fit into minority groups.

This is great, but you shouldn't have to search for corporations that are headed by non-Latin heterosexual whites, it should be normal. And more women are needed in these places also. Women are capable of doing everything that any man can do.

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