Felix, a single taxpayer, claimed $180 of state tax as an itemized deduction on his 2018 tax return. The total itemized deductions on his tax return were $12,025. In 2019, he received a $25 refund from the state. What is the amount Felix must to report on his 2019 tax return

In the short-run, marginal costs are equal to the change in variable costs as output changes. ( mc = change in variable cost / change in quantity) assume that capital is fixed in the short-run. (a) start with the equation for marginal cost and derive an equation that relates marginal cost of production to the cost and productivity of labor. (b) draw a standard looking short-run marginal cost curve and use the equation you derived to explain its shape.