Suppose the government has determined that the socially optimal quantity of chemical pollution is 175 million tons per day. One way governments can charge firms for pollution rights is by imposing a per-unit tax on emissions. A tax (or price in this case) ofper ton of chemicals emitted will achieve the desired level of pollution. Now suppose the U. S. government does not know the demand curve for pollution and, therefore, cannot determine the optimal tax to achieve the desired level of pollution. Instead, it auctions off tradable pollution permits. Each permit entitles its owner to emit one ton of chemicals per day. To achieve the socially optimal quantity of pollution, the government auctions off 175 million pollution permits. Given this quantity of permits, the price for each permit in the market for pollution rights will be. Given that the appropriate policy (tradable permits or corrective taxes) can depend on the available information and the policy goal, consider the following scenario.

An environmental study conducted in a particular city suggests that if a chemical plant emits more than 40 million tons of chemicals each year, the water supply will become cntaminated beyond the point where filtration techniques can make it safe for drinking. If this is all the information the government has, which solution to reduce pollution is appropriate?

a. Corrective taxes
b. Tradable permits

Oerstman, inc. uses a standard costing system and develops its overhead rates from the current annual budget.the budget is based on an expected annual output of 120,000 units requiring 480,000 direct labor hours.(practical capacity is 500,000 hours)annual budgeted overhead costs total $772,800, of which $556,800 is fixed overhead.a total of 119,300 units, using 478,000 direct labor hours, were produced during the year.actual variable overhead costs for the year were $260,400 and actual fixed overhead costs were $555,450.required: 1. compute the fixed overhead spending variance and indicate if favorable or unfavorable.2. compute the fixed overhead volume variance and indicate if favorable or unfavorable.

1. revising for conciseness - eliminating flabby expressions,limiting long lead-ins, and dropping unnecessary fillerstime is money in any business environment. people want information communicated quickly and clearly. to make your writing more concise and understandable, avoid flabby expressions, long lead-ins, and unnecessary fillers. your audience will appreciate your brevity.1. if your writing contains a flabby expression like in view of the fact that, replace it with the word because / although / probably .for each of the following two sentences, choose the best revision.2. i am sending you this letter to inform you that we have experienced an unexpected surprise within our expense sheet, but we are positively certain we will solve it.1) we need to inform you that we have experienced an unexpected surprise with our expense sheet, but we are midway to an end result.2) we have identified a problem with our expense sheet, but we will solve it.3) i am sending you this letter to inform you that we have a problem with our expense sheet, but we are positively certain we have a solution.3. it is the user who should contact the center.1) everyone knows that it is the user who should contact the center.2) the user should contact the center.3) if there is a problem, the user should contact the center.read the following passage, and then answer the question.[1] you scheduled seven conference calls for this morning between 10 and 11 a.m. [2] generally, the company limits the number of conference calls to three per hour. [3] i’m letting you know that in the future, we should be more careful about scheduling.4. which revision limits the long lead-in in sentence 3? 1) in the future, we should be more careful about scheduling.2) i’m letting you know so that in the future we are more careful about scheduling calls.3) so that you know in the future, we should be more careful about scheduling.

Although appealing to more refined tastes, art as a collectible has not always performed so profitably. during 2003, an auction house sold a sculpture at auction for a price of $10,211,500. unfortunately for the previous owner, he had purchased it in 2000 at a price of $12,177,500. what was his annual rate of return on this sculpture? (a negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as