Consider a portfolio that offers an expected rate of return of 11% and a standard deviation of 21%. T-bills offer a risk-free 6% rate of return. What is the maximum level of risk aversion for which the risky portfolio is still preferred to T-bills?

The  level of risk aversion must be less than 2.27 for the risky portfolio to be preferred to bills.

Explanation:

Let U presents utility level. Therefore, we can specify U as follows:

U = E(r) - (0.5 * A * SD^2) (1)

Where, risky portfolio, we have:

E(r) = expected rate of return = 11%, or 0.11

SD = Standard deviation = 21%, or 0.21

A = Level of risk aversion = ?

Substituting the values into equation (1), we have:

U of risky portfolio = 0.11 - (0.5 * A * 0.21^2)

U of risky portfolio = 0.11 - (A * 0.02205)

Since the T-bills offer a risk-free 6% rate of return, it therefore implies that:

U of T-bill = 6%, 0.06

Therefore, the following must hold for the risky portfolio to be preferred to bills:

U of risky portfolio > U of T-bill (2)

Substituting the values for the expression above and solve for A, we have:

0.11 - (A * 0.02205) > 0.06

-(A * 0.02205) > 0.06 - 0.11

-(A * 0.02205) > - 0.05

Divide through by -1 and change the inequality sign, we have:

A * 0.02205 < 0.05

A < 0.05 / 0.02205

A < 2.27

Therefore, the  level of risk aversion must be less than 2.27 for the risky portfolio to be preferred to bills.

rational decision making is a multi-step process for making choices between alternatives. the process of rational decision making favors logic, objectivity, and analysis over subjectivity and insight. the word “rational” in this context does not mean sane or clear-headed as it does in the colloquial sense.

hope this

prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle. eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus. so i belive the answer is a : p hope it