A machine which cost $400,000 is acquired on January 1, 2017. Its estimated salvage value is $100,000 and its expected life is five years. Required:
Calculate depreciation expense and complete the following schedules for 2017 and 2018 for each of the following methods.

A. Straight Line Depreciation
B. Sum of the Years Digits

Answer and Explanation:

The computation of the depreciation expense for 2017 and 2018 under the following methods

a. Straight-line method

= (Purchase cost - residual value) ÷ (estimated life)

= ($400,000 - $100,000) ÷ (5 years)

= $60,000

Since the depreciation expense under this method would remain the same for the remaining useful life

So for 2017 and 2018, the depreciation expense i.e. $60,000 would be charged every year.

b. Under the sum-of-the-year-digits method

For 2017,

= ($400,000 - $100,000) × 5 years ÷ ( 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1)

= $300,000 × 5 years ÷ 15 years

= $100,000

For 2018, the book value is

= $400,000 - $100,000

The $100,000 is the depreciation expense of 2017 year

= $300,000 × 4 ÷ 15

= $80,000

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