Is there ever a sound economic reason for governments to spend more than they collect in taxes and borrow the difference?

a) no, governments, like people, should always avoid borrowing.

b) no, governments are trying to make voters think that they are getting something for nothing.

c) yes, postponing payments is always a wise policy.

d) yes, if the need is great and the spending will result in increased earnings and a greater ability on the part of the country's people to pay the taxes in the future.