The approach to civility argues that it is better to be polite and courteous and observe the norms of a given culture because it reduces the potential for suffering and violence. a. agitation
b. engagement
c. invitational
d. disobedience

c. invitational

Explanation:

The two basic approaches to civility are the invitational and the confrontational differ in that the invitational approach argues in favor of politeness and good manners, and following the norms of the foreign (or other) culture. Silence and reflection are a trait of the invitational approach.

1   b) the use of non-standard grammar  

2   a) quiet and shy.

ans.

heterothermic organisms include those organisms that can switch between homeothermic (having body temperature higher than environment) and poikilothermic (having variation in internal body temperature) strategies.

some migratory birds show heterothermy as they decrease their metabolic rate during cold nights to keep their body temperature low. drop in metabolic rate allows increase in production efficiency of birds that reduces the internal body temperature to make it equal to external cold temperature during cold nights.

thus, the correct answer is 'birds allow their temperature drop in order to increase their production efficiency.'