"You are considering the capital structure for a firm under three different cases: Case I. no taxes, no bankruptcy costs; Case II. with taxes but no bankruptcy costs; Case III. with taxes and with bankruptcy costs. 1) There is a (positive or negative) relation between firm value and WACC. 2) In which case (I, II or III), capital structure is irrelevant? why? 3) Given case II and leverage decreases, what happens to firm value? what happens to cost of equity?"

Suppose an economist believes that the price level in the economy is directly related to the money supply, or the amount of money circulating in the economy. the economist proposes the following relationship: p=a x m - p=price level - m=money supply - a=a composite of other factors, including real gdp, that change very slowly over time. how might an economist gather empirical data to test the proposed relationship between money and the price level? an economist would persuade the federal reserve to change the money supply to various levels, and observe the resulting changes in the price level. unlike researchers in the hard sciences, economists cannot study complex relationships using data. economists do not usually develop theoretical models of the economy but only analyze summary statistics about the current state of the economy. an economist would look for data on past changes in the money supply, and note the resulting changes in the price level

Individual consumers belong to which step of choosing a target market? possible customers competition demographics communication

Later movers do not face: entrenched competitors. reduced uncertainty over technologies. high growth markets. lower market uncertainty.