In Year 1, in a project to develop Product X, Lincoln Company incurred research and development costs totaling $10 million. Lincoln is able to clearly distinguish the research phase from the development phase of the project. Research-phase costs are $6 million, and development-phase costs are $4 million. All of the IAS 38 criteria have been met for recognition of the development costs as an asset. Product X was brought to market in Year 2 and is expected to be marketable for 5 years. Total sales of Product X are estimated at more than $100 million. Required:
a. Determine the impact research and development costs have on Lincoln Company's Year 1 and Year 2 income under (1) IFRS and (2) U. S. GAAP.
b. Summarize the difference in income, total assets, and total stockholders' equity related to Product X over its five-year life under the two different sets of accounting rules.

Answer is explained in the explanation section below.

Explanation:

Data Given:

Research and Development Cost = $10 million

Research Phase Cost = $6 million

Development Cost = $4 million

Total Sales of Product X are estimated at more than = $100 million

Solution:

a.

1. IFRS:

Research cost of $6 million have been expensed in year 1 in case of IFRS.

Whereas, for year 2 developmental cost is reported as assets and amortization is recorded on the asset which is the 5th part of the developmental cost of $4 million.

$4,000,000/5 = $800,000

2. U.S. GAAP:

Under U.S. GAAP in year 1, total of $10 million have been expensed including both research and development cost.

Under U.S. GAAP in year 2, however, there is no asset reported and all the costs are expensed in year 1 hence, no impact on the income statement.

b.

Income: In year 1 under IFRS, income will be higher by $4 million ($10-$6)million before the implication of tax.

But for year 2 to year 5:

In case of IFRS, income will be lowered due to the amortization on the deferred development cost. It will decrease by $800,000.

The total assets and stock holder's equity under IFRS will be higher by the following amounts each of the years.

Year 1  $4,000,000

Year 2 $3,200,000

Year 3 $2,400,000

Year 4 $1,600,000

Year 5 $800,000

The above amount is decreased by $800,000 each year because of the amortization of asset.

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