Vito is the sole shareholder of Vito, Inc. He is also employed by the corporation. On June 30, 2020, Vito borrowed $8,000 from Vito, Inc., and on July 1, 2021, he borrowed an additional $10,000. Both loans were due on demand. No interest was charged on the loans, and the Federal rate was 4% for all relevant dates. Vito used the money to purchase a boat, and he had $2,500 of investment income. Determine the tax consequences to Vito and Vito, Inc., in each of the following situations.

On february 10, 2014, after issuance of its financial statements for 2013, higgins company entered into a financing agreement with cleveland bank, allowing higgins company to borrow up to $6,000,000 at any time through 2016. amounts borrowed under the agreement bear interest at 2% above the bank's prime interest rate and mature two years from the date of loan. higgins company presently has $2,250,000 of notes payable with star national bank maturing march 15, 2014. the company intends to borrow $3,750,000 under the agreement with cleveland and liquidate the notes payable to star national bank. the agreement with cleveland also requires higgins to maintain a working capital level of $9,000,000 and prohibits the payment of dividends on common stock without prior approval by cleveland bank. from the above information only, the total short-term debt of higgins company as of the december 31, 2013 balance sheet date is