Español 4. Lee el texto y responde.
Benito Juárez era el presidente de la República cuando las tropas francesas, que envió
el emperador Napoleon III, invadieron el país en 1862
Francia, apoyada por el frente conservador, quería imponer una monarquia en
México. Nuestra patria, débil y desgastada, no tenía los recursos para hacer frente al
poderoso ejército extranjero.
Benito Juárez, poco antes de la invasión de las tropas enemigas a la Ciudad de
México, planeó instalar su gobierno en otro estado y dispuso que San Luis Potosí fuera
la capital de la República. Así fue como Juárez, junto con su gabinete y su familia, viajó
al norte del país.
Durante el viaje estuvieron expuestos a las lluvias, los ladrones del camino y al cólera.
El ejército francés los empujaba más y más al norte. La familia del presidente se
fue a Estados Unidos de América, mientras el presidente itinerante permanecía en el
territorio nacional. En 1863, los principes europeos, Carlota y Maximiliano, que venían
en barco, llegaron a Veracruz.
• ¿Qué tipo de texto es el anterior?
¿Cómo son los personajes y los lugares para ti?
¿Todos los fragmentos resaltados son frases nominales?
• ¿Por qué?
¿Qué tienen en común las frases nominales?
N
Trimestre
* ¿Qué quiere decir que las frases nominales tengan más o menos un significado fijo?

"jake’s roof repair has provided the following data concerning its costs: fixed cost per month cost per repair-hour wages and salaries $ 20,900 $ 15.00 parts and supplies $ 7.70 equipment depreciation $ 2,800 $ 0.35 truck operating expenses $ 5,720 $ 1.60 rent $ 4,690 administrative expenses $ 3,850 $ 0.50 for example, wages and salaries should be $20,900 plus $15.00 per repair-hour. the company expected to work 2,600 repair-hours in may, but actually worked 2,500 repair-hours. the company expects its sales to be $47.00 per repair-hour. required: compute the company’s activity variances for may."

Sabrina gupta, an investment advisor with a major brokerage firm, was examining wal-mart stores, inc. (wal-mart) stock and its valuation. gupta wondered whether to recommend the stock to any of her new clients or to existing clients who did not currently have wal-mart in their portfolios.her key task was to use an intrinsic value approach to price the shares and to then compare the resulting price with the price at which the stock was traded in the market. gupta wanted to use alternative valuation methods and assumptions to produce intrinsic value estimates for wal-mart stock.she was interested in seeing if the alternative methods would point to a consensus regarding the valuation of the stock and to see if the valuations suggested an investment opportunity given the current market price. methods she contemplated to use were: multi-stage growth modelprice earnings multiplemost valuation methods gupta considered required a common set of inputs: future cash flows to wal-mart investorsgrowth rate of future cash flowsdiscount factor or required rate of return by wal-mart investorsgupta gathered data to determine each of the above.gupta thought that dividends to wal-mart shareholders would adequately capture the cash flows to wal-mart shareholders; she also thought that this approach would simplify her task and she would revisit more complex valuation models if she felt the need.gupta thought that capm would provide her a relatively reliable estimate of the required rate of return. capm based required rate of return can be estimated by using a risk free rate, systematic risk of the firm and equity market risk premium. gupta thought that in a valuation exercise that involve long term cash flows, 10-year government bond yield would be an appropriate risk free rate of return estimate. she checked the 10 year note rate and found out that it was about 3.68%. gupta searched for wal-mart beta in bloomberg. bloomberg estimates betas by regressing the s& p 500 returns on the firm returns over the past two years and arrives at a “raw” beta estimate. bloomberg makes an adjustment in raw beta based on some academic research. gupta is confident that bloomberg adjustment is justified and she uses wal-mart beta estimate of 0.66 in her analysis.while gupta is aware of the importance of emrp assumption, she thinks that bloomberg’s historical estimate of 5.05% is a safe assumption. she is aware of the fact that some studies suggest a larger risk premium of approximately six per cent, while others suggest a much lower forward-looking premium of less than four per cent. she is mindful of the arbitrariness of her assumption, and she takes a note to revisit this issue if her valuations produce unreasonable estimates.anticipated dividend growth (g) is often estimated in a variety of ways.first, observed historical dividend growth can be assumed to continue in a perpetual fashion.second, future dividend growth can be estimated on the basis of recent estimates of analysts.gupta noted that the consensus annual wal-mart dividend for fiscal year 2011 was $1.21, and one respected analyst had estimated the expected constant dividend growth (in perpetuity) at approximately 3%.as the chart suggests, both earnings and dividend growth rates are declining but they seem to be higher than the “respected analyst’s” estimates. gupta decides to use several alternative perpetual growth assumptions to see the impact on price. since gupta decided to use variants of dividend discount model (ddm), she checked the anticipated earnings for 2011. analyst’s estimates suggested $4.10 earnings per share. gupta decided to use 10% growth rate from 2011 to 2012 and assumed a steady decline to 3% in 13 years (until 2024) where the perpetual growth rate of 3% resumes. she also assumed that walmart will increase its dividend payout ratio from 30% to 55% from years 2012 to 2024. you are asked to reproduce gupta’s analysis of multi-stage growth model and double check her valuation by using an earnings multiple. you have all the data you need to conduct the multi stage discounted growth model analysis, but you will need to do some research about the multiples valuation.

Oimpermeable peaeiremblm: a garment you put on when it's raining. eddepnieent: a sales person. rrgteeaa: to negotiate the price of an article. jcaa: a box where the sales person keeps the money of his/her sales. rbatoa: something inexpensive. zalu: the color of the sky. gfolasdaes (3 words): an object that protects your eyes from the sun.