The gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States is defined as the market value of all final goods and services produced within the United States in a given period of time. Based on this definition, indicate which of the following transactions will be included in (that is, directly increase) the GDP of the United States in 2020. a. Awake Cafe, a U. S. coffee company, produces a latte at its location in Minneapolis on January 5, 2019. It sells the latte to a customer immediately. The Jones family buys an antique silver platter at an auction in upstate New York on March 8, 2019.
b. Roadway Motors, a U. S. automobile company, produces a convertible at a plant in Germany on March 8, 2019. Roadway Motors imports the convertible into the United States on May 9, 2019.
c. Graincorp, a U. S. agricultural company, produces corn syrup at a plant in Iowa on September 3, 2019. It sells the corn syrup to Crunchy's for use in the production of cereal that will be made in the United States in 2019. (Note: Focus exclusively on whether production of the corn syrup increases GDP directly, and ignore the effect of production of the cereal on GDP.)
d. Fastlane, a Japanese automobile company, produces a sedan at a plant in Indiana on December 10, 2019. A family buys the sedan on December 26.

What is the most important type of decision that the financial manager makes?

Aprice ceiling is “binding” if the price ceiling is set below the equilibrium price. suppose that the equilibrium price is $5. if a price ceiling is set at $6, this will not affect the market in any way since $5 remains a legally allowable price (since $5 < $6). a price ceiling of $6 is called a “non-binding” price ceiling. on the other hand, if the price ceiling is set at $4, the price ceiling is “binding” because the natural equilibrium price is $5 but that is no longer allowed. what happens when there is a binding price ceiling? at a price below the equilibrium price, quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied. there is a shortage. normally, price increases eliminate shortages by increasing quantity supplied and decreasing quantity demanded. in this case, however, price increases are not allowed past the price ceiling. we therefore predict that the observed market price will be right at the price ceiling and there will be a permanent shortage. the observed quantity bought and sold will be dictated by the quantity supplied at the price ceiling. although consumers would like to buy more, there are no more units for sale

5. profit maximization and shutting down in the short run suppose that the market for polos is a competitive market. the following graph shows the daily cost curves of a firm operating in this market. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 price (dollars per polo) quantity (thousands of polos) mc atc avc for each price in the following table, calculate the firm's optimal quantity of units to produce, and determine the profit or loss if it produces at that quantity, using the data from the previous graph to identify its total variable cost. assume that if the firm is indifferent between producing and shutting down, it will produce. (hint: you can select the purple points [diamond symbols] on the previous graph to see precise information on average variable cost.) price quantity total revenue fixed cost variable cost profit (dollars per polo) (polos) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) 12.50 135,000 27.50 135,000 45.00 135,000 if the firm shuts down, it must incur its fixed costs (fc) in the short run. in this case, the firm's fixed cost is $135,000 per day. in other words, if it shuts down, the firm would suffer losses of $135,000 per day until its fixed costs end (such as the expiration of a building lease). this firm's shutdown price—that is, the price below which it is optimal for the firm to shut down—is per polo.