Crowding-out is the notion that: a. Since tax revenues vary directly with GDP, a rise in the level of GDP will increase the budget surplus and limit expansion
b. Deficit financing will increase the demand for money, increase the interest rate, and reduce the level of investment spending in the economy
c. The standardized budget is the best indicator of whether a budget deficit crowds out investment
d. The actual budget is the best indicator of whether a budget deficit crowds out saving

Provides for personal development. though leadership training, as well as local, state and district conferences, students involved in a ctsos young people in the maturation process, them grow and assume active roles in their community.

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.