During the first month of operations ended July 31, Western Creations Company produced 80,000 designer cowboy hats, of which 72,000 were sold. Operating data for the month are summarized as follows: 1 Sales $4,320,000.00
2 Manufacturing costs:
3 Direct materials $1,600,000.00
4 Direct labor 1,440,000.00
5 Variable manufacturing cost 240,000.00
6 Fixed manufacturing cost 320,000.00 3,600,000.00
7 Selling and administrative expenses:
8 Variable $144,000.00
9 Fixed 25,000.00 169,000.00
1 Sales $4,320,000.00
2 Manufacturing costs:
3 Direct materials $1,280,000.00
4 Direct labor 1,152,000.00
5 Variable manufacturing cost 192,000.00
6 Fixed manufacturing cost 320,000.00 2,944,000.00
7 Selling and administrative expenses:
8 Variable $144,000.00
9 Fixed 25,000.00 169,000.00
Required:
1. Using the absorption costing concept, prepare income statements for (a) July and (b) August.
2. Using the variable costing concept, prepare income statements for (a) July and (b) August.*
3a. Explain the reason for the differences in the amount of income from operations in (1) and (2) for July.
3b. Explain the reason for the differences in the amount of income from operations in (1) and (2) for August.
4. Based on your answers to (1) and (2), did Western Creations Company operate more profitably in July or in August? Explain.

Western Creations Company

1. Income Statements for July and August, under absorption costing:

                                               July                   August

Sales Revenue                $4,320,000.00    $4,320,000.00

Cost of goods sold            3,240,000.00      2,649,600.00

Gross profit                      $1,080,000.00     $1,670,400.00

Total selling & admin. exp. $169,000.00       $169,000.00

Net Income                          $911,000.00     $1,501,400.00

2. Income Statements for July and August, using variable costing:

                                                   July                   August

Sales Revenue                    $4,320,000.00    $4,320,000.00

Variable cost of goods sold  3,081,600.00       2,491,200.00

Contribution margin            $1,238,400.00     $1,828,800.00

Fixed expenses:

Total fixed costs                      345,000.00         345,000.00

Net income                           $893,400.00      $1,483,800.00

3a. The reason for the differences in the amount of the income from operations in in (1) and (2) for July is the cost of goods sold based on full manufacturing costs for (1) while only variable costs are considered for (2).

3b. The reason for the differences in the amount of the income from operations in (1) and (2) for August is also the cost of goods sold based on full manufacturing costs for (1) while only variable costs are considered for (2).

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

Number of hats produced = 80,000

Number of hats sold = 72,000

Ending inventory = 8,000

1 Sales $4,320,000.00

2 Manufacturing costs:             July                    August

3 Direct materials                  $1,600,000.00    $1,280,000.00

4 Direct labor                           1,440,000.00       1,152,000.00

5 Variable manufacturing cost 240,000.00         192,000.00

6 Fixed manufacturing cost      320,000.00        320,000.00

Total manufacturing costs   $3,600,000.00  $2,944,000.00

Under absorption costing:

Unit cost = $45 ($3,600,000/80,000)             $36.80 ($2,944,000/80,000)

Cost of goods sold = $3,240,000 ($45*72,000) $2,649,600 (36.8*72,000)

Ending Inventory =         360,000 ($45*8,000)         294,400 ($36.8*8,000)

7 Selling and administrative expenses:

8 Variable                                 $144,000.00       $144,000.00

9 Fixed                                         25,000.00          25,000.00

Total selling & admin.  exp.     $169,000.00      $169,000.00

Under variable costing:

2 Manufacturing costs:

3 Direct materials                    $1,600,000.00     $1,280,000.00

4 Direct labor                             1,440,000.00        1,152,000.00

5 Variable manufacturing cost   240,000.00          192,000.00

8 Variable selling & admin cost   144,000.00          144,000.00

Total variable costs =             $3,424,000.00    $2,768,000.00

Unit variable cost = $42.80 ($3,424,000/80,000)     $34.60

Cost of goods sold = $3,081,600 ($42.80 * 72,000)  $2,491,200

Ending Inventory =         342,400 ($42.80 * 8,000)         276,800

6 Fixed manufacturing cost    $320,000.00            $320,000.00

9 Fixed selling & admin. cost      25,000.00                25,000.00

Total fixed costs =                   $345,000.00            $345,000.00

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