Three identical units of merchandise were purchased during July, as follows: Date Product T Units Cost July 3 Purchase 1 $31 10 Purchase 1 34 24 Purchase 1 37 Total 3 $102 Average cost per unit $34 Assume one unit sells on July 28 for $48. Determine the gross profit, cost of goods sold, and ending inventory on July 31 using (a) first-in, first-out, (b) last-in, first-out, and (c) average cost flow methods.

(a) first-in, first-out,

Cost of Sales = $31

Ending Inventory = $71

Gross Profit  = $17

(b) last-in, first-out,  

Cost of Sales = $37

Ending Inventory = $65

Gross Profit = $17

(c) average cost flow methods.

Cost of Sales = $48

Ending Inventory = $96

Gross Profit = $0

Explanation:

(a) first-in, first-out,

FIFO method assumes that the units to arrive first, will be sold first. This means cost of sales will be based on earlier (old) prices whilst inventory valuation will be on recent (new) prices.

Cost of Sales = 1 x $31 = $31

Ending Inventory = 1 x $34 + 1 x $37 = $71

Gross Profit = $48 - $31 = $17

(b) last-in, first-out,

LIFO method assumes that the units to arrive last will be sold first. This means cost of sales will be based on recent (new) prices whilst inventory valuation will be on earlier (old) prices.

Cost of Sales = 1 x $37 = $37

Ending Inventory = 1 x $34 + 1 x $31 = $65

Gross Profit = $48 - $37 = $17

(c) average cost flow methods.

This method calculates a new average unit cost with each and every purchase made. This unit cost is used to determine the cost of sales and inventory value.

Cost of Sales = 1 x $48 = $48

Ending Inventory = 2 x $48 = $96

Gross Profit = $48 - $48 = $0

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