What is the difference between virtual integration and vertical integration?

Suppose an economist believes that the price level in the economy is directly related to the money supply, or the amount of money circulating in the economy. the economist proposes the following relationship: p=a x m - p=price level - m=money supply - a=a composite of other factors, including real gdp, that change very slowly over time. how might an economist gather empirical data to test the proposed relationship between money and the price level? an economist would persuade the federal reserve to change the money supply to various levels, and observe the resulting changes in the price level. unlike researchers in the hard sciences, economists cannot study complex relationships using data. economists do not usually develop theoretical models of the economy but only analyze summary statistics about the current state of the economy. an economist would look for data on past changes in the money supply, and note the resulting changes in the price level

Acompany that uses the periodic inventory system provided the following information: 1. beginning inventory $ 5 comma 0002. purchases $ 150 comma 0003. purchase discounts $ 2 comma 1004. purchase returns and allowances $ 1 comma 000at the end of the period, the physical count of inventory reveals that $ 16 comma 000 worth of inventory is on hand. what is the amount of cost of goods sold?

If big macs were a durable good that could be costlessly transported between countries, which of the following would present an arbitrage opportunity? check all that apply. exporting big macs from argentina to the united states. exporting big macs from the united kingdom to poland. exporting big macs from switzerland to china