12.Transverse Crane Service will obtain a bonus at the end of a multi-year project if the job is completed on time. This bonus will amount to $100,000 or a bridge general maintenance project across the Hudson River. The company has the following investments and cash draws on the 9-year project: They invested $2,000,000 at the start of the project to cover expected costs. In year 2 they expect to withdraw $6,000,00. In year 3, they will receive a partial payment for $800,000. In year 5, they will have to withdraw $900,000, In year 6, they will need to withdraw $400,000, and in year 8 they will receive a payment of $1,800,000. The project will end in year 9 with no additional costs. How much will be in the account with an interest rate of 3%.

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.