An organization that has a broad span of control, is highly responsive to customer demands, and relies on lower level employees to make decisions is a:
a. tall organization.
b. flat organization.
c. centralized organization.
d. bureaucratic organization.

Penny poodle wanted to know which dog obedience training program was more effective: puppy pride, the approach she has been using for any years, or doggie do-right, a new approach. penny convinced 50 human companions of untrained dogs to participate in her study. the dogs and their humans were randomly assigned to complete the puppy pride or doggie do-right course. at the end of the training programs, all of the dogs were scored on their level of obedience on a standardized dog obedience checklist (scores could range from 10 to 100). the design of this study is: