The crowding-out effect is: strongest when the economy is in a deep recession. weakest when there is demand-pull inflation. equally strong, regardless of the state of the macroeconomy. strongest when the economy is at full employment.

According to the u.s. census bureau (), the median household income in the united states was $23,618 in 1985, $34,076 in 1995, $46,326 in 2005, and $57,230 in 2015. in purchasing power terms, how did family income compare in each of those four years? you will need to know that the cpi (multiplied by 100, 1982–1984 = 100) was 107.6 in 1985, 152.4 in 1995, 195.3 in 2005, and 237.0 in 2015

Suppose that in an economy the structural unemployment rate is 2.2 percent, the natural unemployment rate is 5.3 percent, and the cyclical unemployment rate is 2 percent. the frictional unemployment rate is percent and the actual unemployment rate (in this economy) is percent.

The management of a supermarket wants to adopt a new promotional policy of giving a free gift to every customer who spends > a certain amount per visit at this supermarket. the expectation of the management is that after this promotional policy is advertised, the expenditures for all customers at this supermarket will be normally distributed with a mean of $95 and a standard deviation of $20. if the management wants to give free gifts to at most 10% of the customers, what should the amount be above which a customer would receive a free gift?