5) In class we discussed different shocks; for each of the following, describe how monetary policymakers would respond (if at all) to stabilize economic activity. a. A reduction in autonomous consumption. related to consumer spending. b. An increase in government expenditures. c. An appreciation of the dollar relative to other currencies.

The prebisch–singer hypothesis concludes that: a. technology lowers the cost of manufactured products, so developing countries should see an increase in their terms of trade. b. developing countries experience a long-run decline in their terms of trade, as the demand for primary products in higher-income countries declines relative to their demand for manufactured goods. c. because of unfair trading practices, labor in developing countries is exploited. d. opec has been responsible for a slowdown in the world's standard of living.