marketing channel discrepancies Differences between the offerings of a business and the requirements of a consumer. channels of distribution The amount of satisfaction received from using a product or service. channel integration The routes products and services follow while moving from the producer to the consumer, including the activities and participating organizations. direct distribution Businesses that participate in activities transferring goods and services from the producer to the user. direct marketing When producers sell directly to the ultimate consumer. administered channel Distribution that takes place through channel members. economic utility Offering products to customers through media such as catalogs, direct mail, telemarketing, e-mail marketing, and websites. channel members A channel in which one organization takes a leadership position to benefit all channel members. indirect distribution When one business owns the organizations at other levels of the channel.

5. understanding marginal and average tax rates consider the economy of citronia, where citizens consume only oranges. assume that oranges are priced at $1 each. the government has devised the following tax plans: plan a • consumption up to 1,000 oranges is taxed at 50%. • consumption higher than 1,000 oranges is taxed at 20%. plan b • consumption up to 2,000 oranges is taxed at 15%. • consumption higher than 2,000 oranges is taxed at 60%. use the plan a and plan b tax schemes to complete the following table by deriving the marginal and average tax rates under each tax plan at the consumption levels of 300 oranges, 1,200 oranges, and 3,000 oranges, respectively. consumption level plan a plan b (quantity of oranges) marginal tax rate average tax rate marginal tax rate average tax rate (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) 300 1,200 3,000 complete the following table by indicating whether each plan is a progressive tax system, a proportional tax system, or a regressive tax system. progressive proportional regressive plan a plan b