The city of Middleville is considering offering public bus service. Setting up the service will cost the city $1.4M (where M stands for million). The useful life of the buses is 18 years. Annual maintenance of the buses would cost $120,000 per year and they would need a major overhaul in year 10 that will cost a total of $755,000. This overhaul is in addition to the annual maintenance. Annual labor and administrative costs will begin at $165,000 in year 1 and grow at 2.0% per year thereafter. The buses will generate revenue of $275,000 in year 1 and it will grow at 5.5% per year thereafter. Reduced parking requirements and other benefits generated by the project will save the city $320,000 per year. The salvage value (price the city can get in the future after maintenance) of the used buses in year 18 is expected to be $405,000. What is the NPV of the bus proposal? The city does not pay taxes and the discount rate is 5.2%. Assume that all cash flows except initial investments happen at the end of the year and you are strongly encouraged to use a spreadsheet to solve this problem.( A real world problem with some simplifications in cash flows.)
NPV is:
 $3,380,235.59
 $3,686,329.44
 $3,231,561.80
 $3,068,942.64

In december of 2004, the company you own entered into a 20-year contract with a grain supplier for daily deliveries of grain to its hot dog bun manufacturing facility. the contract called for "10,000 pounds of grain" to be delivered to the facility at the price of $100,000 per day. until february 2017, the supplier provided processed grain which could easily be used in your manufacturing process. however, no longer wanting to absorb the cost of having the grain processed, the supplier began delivering whole grain. the supplier is arguing that the contract does not specify the type of grain that would be supplied and that it has not breached the contract. your company is arguing that the supplier has an onsite processing plant and processed grain was implicit to the terms of the contract. over the remaining term of the contract, reshipping and having the grain processed would cost your company approximately $10,000,000, opposed to a cost of around $1,000,000 to the supplier. after speaking with in-house counsel, it was estimated that litigation would cost the company several million dollars and last for years. weighing the costs of litigation, along with possible ambiguity in the contract, what are three options you could take to resolve the dispute? which would be the best option for your business and why?