Passage A: The leader of that student organization argues that we must have more student participation in the administration's decision-making process. But such arguments must be rejected. We can't just let the students run the school. If such proposals are implemented, chaos will ensue. Teachers and administrators will have no authority, and the school will no longer be a place of learning. Passage A (Does, does not) commit a fallacy; specifically, it (does, does not) commit an appeal to force fallacy.
Passage B: You should not even bother to read the editorial in the school paper about the injustices of increased tuition rates. After all, it was written by a student. Of course she is going to argue against higher tuition rates.
Passage B (Does, does not) commit a fallacy; specifically, it (does, does not) commit an appeal to force fallacy.
Passage C: Even though I have great respect for you as my son's professor, I think you should reconsider the grade you gave him. For one thing, if you do not raise his grade, then he will not be able to graduate this semester. And if he doesn't graduate this semester, I will be so disappointed that I will probably change my mind about making a generous donation to this university.
Passage C (Does, does not) commit a fallacy; specifically, it (does, does not) commit an appeal to force fallacy.
Passage D: I know you think this ball is yours, but it belongs to me. And if you can't see things my way, then I'm sure my big brother can help me change your mind. Oh, look—here he comes now.
Passage D (Does, does not) commit a fallacy; specifically, it (does, does not) commit an appeal to force fallacy.
Passage E: Studies show a dramatic decrease in serious injury when a bicycle rider wears a helmet. Thus, if you want to minimize your risk of injury, you should wear a helmet when biking.
Passage E (Does, does not) commit a fallacy; specifically, it (does, does not) commit an appeal to force fallacy.
Passage A: Since you are in such intense pain and the swelling has continued to increase, you should go to the doctor. The bone may be broken.
Passage A (does, does not) commit a fallacy; specifically, it (does, does not) commit an appeal to pity fallacy.
Passage B: Please, professor: You cannot give me a failing grade in this class. If I fail another class, I will lose my scholarship. If I lose my scholarship, I will have to get a job because my Dad said he would stop paying my car payments. I love that car and just can't live without it. Can't you please overlook all those assignments I didn't hand in? This has just been a crazy semester!
Passage B (does, does not) commit a fallacy; specifically, it (does, does not) commit an appeal to pity fallacy.
Passage C: I know the syllabus said you would not accept late homework without a doctor's excuse, professor. But I have been too sick to even go to the doctor! Besides, I lost my book and had to wait to borrow one from my friend, and then my computer crashed while I was working on the assignment. Surely, you must agree that I deserve an exception to the late homework policy.
Passage C (does, does not) commit a fallacy; specifically, it (does, does not) commit an appeal to pity fallacy.
Passage D: Leaving a helpless baby in a locked car in the middle of the summer is a clear case of child endangerment. Poor Baby Jane was dehydrated and on the verge of heat stroke when she was discovered by a passerby. Since child endangerment is punishable by imprisonment, Baby Jane's parents deserve to go to jail.
Passage D (does, does not) commit a fallacy; specifically, it (does, does not) commit an appeal to pity fallacy.
Passage E: Councilman Wallace has argued that we need to repair the asphalt on Sims Road. But have you heard about the scandal that Mr. Wallace was involved in last year? Apparently Mr. Wallace was stealing money from his church's offering plate. Although all of the charges were dropped, these considerations lead me to conclude that we can safely reject Mr. Wallace's proposal.
Passage E (does, does not) commit a fallacy; specifically, it (does, does not) commit an appeal to pity fallacy.