An analyst observes that the historic geometric nominal return for equities is 9%. Given a real return of 1% for riskless Treasury bills and annual inflation of 2%, the real rate of return and risk premium for equities are closest to:

Real rate of return= 6.9%

Risk premium for equities= 5.8%.

Explanation:

Calculation to determine what the real rate of return and risk premium for equities are closest to:

Real rate of return =(1 + 0.09)/(1 + 0.02) - 1

Real rate of return=1.09/(1.02)-1

Real rate of return= 6.9%

Risk premium for equities=(1 + 0.09)/(1 + 0.01) - 1

Risk premium for equities=1.09/(1.01)-1

Risk premium for equities= 5.8%

Therefore the real rate of return and risk premium for equities are closest to:

Real rate of return 6.9%

Risk premium for equities 5.8%

answer; (d) i believe that the correct answer is ; /// a new invention lowers the cost of production;

ans.

heterothermic organisms include those organisms that can switch between homeothermic (having body temperature higher than environment) and poikilothermic (having variation in internal body temperature) strategies.

some migratory birds show heterothermy as they decrease their metabolic rate during cold nights to keep their body temperature low. drop in metabolic rate allows increase in production efficiency of birds that reduces the internal body temperature to make it equal to external cold temperature during cold nights.

thus, the correct answer is 'birds allow their temperature drop in order to increase their production efficiency.'