In the U. S. we fully expense in our financial statements research and development outlays as they are incurred (not necessarily the case for international financial statements). This can be seen as an example of:

On january 1, year 1, purl corp. purchased as a long-term investment $500,000 face amount of shaw, inc.’s 8% bonds for $456,200. the bonds were purchased to yield 10% interest. the bonds mature on january 1, year 6, and pay interest annually on january 1. purl uses the effective interest method of amortization. what amount (rounded to nearest $100) should purl report on its december 31, year 2, balance sheet for these held-to-maturity bonds?

Adecision is made at the margin when each alternative considers

How does a business determine the markup on a product or service? by matching the closest competitor by checking online prices by calculating the profit that will keep the business going by considering how much the product is worth to the consumer