The net profit margin ratio can mathematically be broken down as:. a. Tax impact x Capital structure impact x Net Profit / Sales
b. Tax impact x Capital structure impact x EBITDA / Sales
c. Tax impact x Capital structure impact x Gross Profit / Sales
d. Tax impact x Capital structure impact x EBIT / Sales

Panera bread is a chain of cafes serving sandwiches, soups, and freshly baked breads. the company began in 1981 with stores primarily located along the east coast of the united states. since then, the firm has expanded to over 1,300 locations throughout the united states and canada. the firm has strong earnings and has been designated by business week as a "significant growth company." panera bread executives are considering the idea of expanding globally by opening cafes in asia through a franchising strategy. which of the following, if true, supports the argument that panera bread should expand into asia through franchising? a: the panera bread menu changes rapidly, and each cafe's artisan bread bakers receive regular training on new recipes. b: panera bread executives want fast access to the asian market without a significant investment of capital. c: panera bread executives want to test the asian market with a short-term commitment that allows them to make quick profits. d: the panera bread mission is to make excellent bread available to customers around the world.

Why is it easier for new entrants to get involved in radical innovations when compared to incumbent firms? a. unlike incumbent firms, new entrants do not have to face the high entry barriers, initially. b. new entrants are embedded in an innovation ecosystem, while incumbent firms are not. c. unlike incumbent firms, new entrants do not have formal organizational structures and processes. d. incumbent firms do not have the advantages of network effects that new entrants have.

Clooney corp. establishes a petty cash fund for $225 and issues a credit card to its office manager. by the end of the month, employees made one expenditure from the petty cash fund (entertainment, $20) and three expenditures with the credit card (postage, $59; delivery, $84; supplies expense, $49).record all employee expenditures, and record the entry to replenish the petty cash fund. the credit card balance will be paid later. (if no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "no journal entry required" in the first account record expenditures from credit card and the petty cash fund.