Balance Sheet Current assets Cash 1,050,000 Acc receivable not given Inventories 1,500,000 Fixed assets 4,280,000 TOTAL ASSETS 7,500,000 Current liabilities Acc payable not given Long-term debt 2,300,000 Common stock 600,000 Retained earnings 3,960,000 TOTAL LIAB and EQUITY 7,500,000 Income Statement Sales 22,500,000 Operating expense 18,680,000 EBIT 3,820,000 Interest expense 230,000 EBT 3,590,000 Taxes 1,436,000 Net income 2,154,000 What is the firm's return on common equity

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.