The operating ratio for a PC insurer equals . A. loss ratio plus the ratios of loss adjustment expenses to premiums earned. B. loss ratio plus expense ratio plus dividend ratio. C. combined ratio minus dividends paid to policyholders. D. acquisition costs plus dividends paid as a proportion of premiums earned. E. combined ratio after dividends minus the investment yield.

Afirm's before-tax cost of debt, rd, is the interest rate that the firm must pay on debt. because interest is tax deductible, the relevant cost of debt used to calculate a firm's wacc is the cost of debt, rd (1 – t). the cost of debt is used in calculating the wacc because we are interested in maximizing the value of the firm's stock, and the stock price depends on cash flows. it is important to emphasize that the cost of debt is the interest rate on debt, not debt because our primary concern with the cost of capital is its use in capital budgeting decisions. the rate at which the firm has borrowed in the past is because we need to know the cost of capital. for these reasons, the on outstanding debt (which reflects current market conditions) is a better measure of the cost of debt than the . the on the company's -term debt is generally used to calculate the cost of debt because more often than not, the capital is being raised to fund -term projects. quantitative problem: 5 years ago, barton industries issued 25-year noncallable, semiannual bonds with a $1,600 face value and a 8% coupon, semiannual payment ($64 payment every 6 months). the bonds currently sell for $845.87. if the firm's marginal tax rate is 40%, what is the firm's after-tax cost of debt? round your answer to 2 decimal places. do not round intermediate calcu

Darlene has a balance of 3980 on a credit card with an apr of 22.8% paying off her balance and which of these lengths of time will result in her paying the least amount of interest?

Sarah is an accountant with desires to open her own business. she is looking for office space at a reasonable rate along with internet service. of the conditions that need to be put in place for the entrepreneurial ecosystem, she needs