A recent study by Tufts University and published in the Journal of Health Economics (2016) estimates that the average cost of developing a new drug and bringing it to market exceeds $2.5 billion. The probability that a new drug makes it through all phases of testing and is approved for medical use is less than 10%. These high costs tend to keep most drug development in the hands of for-profit companies like Merck, the company that developed the first statin drugs for lowering blood cholesterol levels. Discuss the medical and individual costs and benefits of this drug development model.

Which of these is an example of innovation?

Answer the questions about keynesian theory, market economics, and government policy. keynes believed that there were "sticky" wages and that recessions are caused by increases in prices. decreases in supply. decreases in aggregate demand (ad). increases in unemployment. keynes believed the government should increase ad through increased government spending, but not tax cuts. control wages to increase employment because of sticky wages. increase employment through tax cuts only. increase as through tax cuts. increase ad through either increased government spending or tax cuts. intervene when individual markets fail by controlling prices and production.

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