1. If a union operates in a right-to-work state it will not be allowed to create a workplace, but may have a workplace. A. closed shop; union shop
B. union shop; open shop
C. closed shop; open shop
D. agency shop; union shop
E. open shop; union shop

2. If Freeman violates the terms of its labor-management agreement, what can an individual union employee do?
A. go on strike
B. sue the National Labor Relations Board
C. refuse to pay union dues
D. negotiate a giveback
E. file a grievance

3. Which of the following is currently true about unions?
A. Unions are more powerful now than they were in the 1950s.
B. Unions primarily consist of private-sector workers.
C. Unions primarily consist of public-sector workers.
D. Approximately 30% of full-time U. S. workers are in unions.
E. Approximately 20% of full-time U. S. workers are in unions.

4. Assume the union Freeman works with pays newer employees less than ones who have been with the organization for a longer time. What can be the basis for this?
A. wage reopener clause
B. arbitration
C. cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) clause
D. giveback
E. two-tier contract

Resources and capabilities, such as interpersonal relations among managers and a firm's culture, that may be costly to imitate because they are beyond the ability of firms to systematically manage and influence are referred to asanswers: socially complex.causally ambiguous.path dependent.the result of unique historical conditions.

Examine the following book-value balance sheet for university products inc. the preferred stock currently sells for $30 per share and pays a dividend of $3 a share. the common stock sells for $16 per share and has a beta of 0.9. there are 2 million common shares outstanding. the market risk premium is 9%, the risk-free rate is 5%, and the firm’s tax rate is 40%. book-value balance sheet (figures in $ millions) assets liabilities and net worth cash and short-term securities $ 2.0 bonds, coupon = 6%, paid annually (maturity = 10 years, current yield to maturity = 8%) $ 5.0 accounts receivable 3.0 preferred stock (par value $15 per share) 3.0 inventories 7.0 common stock (par value $0.20) 0.4 plant and equipment 21.0 additional paid-in stockholders’ equity 13.6 retained earnings 11.0 total $ 33.0 total $ 33.0 a. what is the market debt-to-value ratio of the firm? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) b. what is university’s wacc? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)

Laval produces lamps and home lighting fixtures. its most popular product is a brushed aluminum desk lamp. this lamp is made from components shaped in the fabricating department and assembled in the assembly department. information related to the 22,000 desk lamps produced annually follows.direct materials $280,000direct labor fabricating department (8,000 dlh × $24 per dlh) $192,000assembly department (16,600 dlh × $26 per dlh) $431,600machine hours fabricating department $15,200mhassembly department $20,850mhexpected overhead cost and related data for the two production departments follow.fabricating assemblydirect labor hours 150,000dlh 295,000dlhmachine hours 161,000mh 128,000mhoverhead cost $400,000 430,000required1. determine the plantwide overhead rate for laval using direct labor hours as a base.2. determine the total manufacturing cost per unit for the aluminum desk lamp using the plantwide overhead rate.3. compute departmental overhead rates based on machine hours in the fabricating department and direct labor hours in the assembly department.4. use departmental overhead rates from requirement 3 to determine the total manufacturing cost per unit for the aluminum desk lamps.