lorah, a district manager for a commercial food distributor, is in charge of implementing the company’s plan to reduce cost of goods sold by 12%. lorah is reviewing quarterly expense reports to determine how each section of her district is progressing toward the cogs reduction, thus lorah is controlling the direction by:

In 2015, lori assigned a paid-up whole life insurance policy to an irrevocable life insurance trust (ilit) for the benefit of her three children. the ilit contained a crummey provision for the benefit of each child. at the time of the transfer, the whole life insurance policy was valued at $200,000, and since lori had not made any other taxable gifts during her lifetime, she did not owe any gift tax. lori died in 2016, and the face value of the whole life insurance policy of $2,000,000 was paid to the ilit. regarding this transfer, how much is included in lori’s gross estate at her death?

Krier industries has just completed its sales forecasts and its marketing department estimates that the company will sell 43,800 units during the upcoming year. in the past, management has maintained inventories of finished goods at approximately 3 months' sales. however, the estimated inventory at the start of the year of the budget period is only 7,300 units. sales occur evenly throughout the year. what is the estimated production level (units) for the first month of the upcoming budget year?

Brian has just finished college. he wants to set up a small business to make and sell fireworks. he registers his company and acquires a license from the government. he finds that most of his competitors are selling fireworks at an extremely low price. he would like to make more money, so he decides to innovate and develop better fireworks. he sells his fireworks at a higher price, and they are a huge hit with the customers. after a few years, he earns enough profit to set up a bigger fireworks factory that complies with the government’s health and safety regulations. he even starts exporting fireworks overseas. which type of economy does this scenario describe?