Do FDA and others have reason to call this MD a fraud?

The common stock and debt of northern sludge are valued at $65 million and $35 million, respectively. investors currently require a return of 15.9% on the common stock and a return of 7.8% on the debt. if northern sludge issues an additional $14 million of common stock and uses this money to retire debt, what happens to the expected return on the stock? assume that the change in capital structure does not affect the interest rate on northern’s debt and that there are no taxes.

Beranek corp has $720,000 of assets, and it uses no debt--it is financed only with common equity. the new cfo wants to employ enough debt to raise the debt/assets ratio to 40%, using the proceeds from borrowing to buy back common stock at its book value. how much must the firm borrow to achieve the target debt ratio? a. $273,600b. $288,000c. $302,400d. $317,520e. $333,396

Suppose that a paving company produces paved parking spaces (q) using a fixed quantity of land (t) and variable quantities of cement (c) and labor (l). the firm is currently paving 1,000 parking spaces. the firm's cost of cement is $3 comma 600.003,600.00 per acre covered (c) and its cost of labor is $35.0035.00/hour (w). for the quantities of c and l that the firm has chosen, mp subscript upper c baseline equals 60mpc=60 and mp subscript upper l baseline equals 7mpl=7. is this firm minimizing its cost of producing parking spaces?