What you give up for taking some action is called the . is falling when marginal cost is below it and rising when marginal cost is above it. a cost that does not depend on the quantity produced is a(n) . in the ice-cream industry in the short run, includes the cost of cream and sugar but not the cost of the factory. profits equal total revenue minus . the cost of producing an extra unit of output is the?

In 2015, lori assigned a paid-up whole life insurance policy to an irrevocable life insurance trust (ilit) for the benefit of her three children. the ilit contained a crummey provision for the benefit of each child. at the time of the transfer, the whole life insurance policy was valued at $200,000, and since lori had not made any other taxable gifts during her lifetime, she did not owe any gift tax. lori died in 2016, and the face value of the whole life insurance policy of $2,000,000 was paid to the ilit. regarding this transfer, how much is included in lori’s gross estate at her death?