Anthracene is a yellow, crystalline solid found in coal tar. complete this structure for anthracene, c14h10, by adding bonds and hydrogen atoms as necessary. what type of hybrid orbitals are utilized by carbon in anthracene? how many σ bonds and π bonds are there in an anthracene molecule? how many valence electrons occupy σ-bond orbitals and how many occupy π -bond orbitals?

Anthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C₁₄H₁₀. The number of fused rings in Anthracene are three in number. This compound is colorful and is used in the formation of different dyes due to its property of deloclization of pi electrons. All the carbon atoms in Anthracene are sp² hybridized with a trigonal planar structure hence, the Anthracene is planar in nature.

Number of Sigma Bonds:

                                         There are 26 sigma bonds (colored in Blue) in Anthracene among which 10 sigma bonds are between carbon and hydrogen atoms while the remaining are between the carbon atoms.

Number of Pi-Bonds:

                                  There are 7 pi bonds in Anthracene (colored in red). All pi bonds are present between carbon and carbon atoms.

Number of Electrons in Sigma Bonds:

                                                             As one sigma bond is formed by 2 electrons hence, 26 sigma bonds will be formed by 52 electrons.

Number of Electrons in Pi Bonds:

                                                       As one pi bond is formed by the side wise overlap of two p orbitals hence one pi bond is formed by two electrons so, 7 pi bonds will be formed by 14 electrons.

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.