Due to shape and polarity differences, the boiling point of carbon dioxide dioxide is water. a. lower than b. much higher than c. equal to d. slightly higher than

A. lower than

Explanation:

Carbondioxide has a lower boiling point compared to that of water.

The interatomic bond in CO₂ is a non-polar covalent bond in which both carbon and oxygen atoms shares the donated electrons equally. CO₂ is a linear compound with the bond angle being 180°. This makes the bonds symmetrically arranged and the dipoles in one direction cancelling out the one in the opposite direction and results in a net dipole that is zero. This also results in the London Dispersion Forces between the molecules of CO₂. London dispersion forces are weak forces of attraction in which the constant motion of electrons in non-polar compounds induces an instant charge seperation.

In water molecules, the interatomic bond is polar covalent bond and the bond angle is bent or v-shaped. The atoms are assymetrical to one another and there is a net positive charge on the hydrogen atom and a negative charge on the more electronegative oxygen. The intermolecular bond between water molecules are hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are special dipole-dipole attraction in which a hydrogen atom is directly joined to a highly electronegative atom. This hydrogen bonding results in more effective binding of water molecules and it reflects in their physical properties such as a high boiling point.

the equation that correctly represent the reaction for formation of ammonia is

n2+ 3h2 → 2nh3 (answer d)

1 mole of nitrogen gas (n2) react with 3 moles of hydrogen gas (h2) to form 2 moles of ammonia ( nh3). this is in a process known as haber process were iron is used as a catalyst and reaction take place that a higher temperature and pressure. the process is exothermic hence energy is released.