How should the baking of a pizza be categorized? a) as an exothermic process because the dough releases heat asb) an endothermic process because the dough releases heatc) as an exothermic process because the dough absorbs heatd) as an endothermic process because the dough absorbs heat

The answer is: D) As an endothermic process because the dough absorbs heat

Endothermic process refers to  a type of reaction that absorb energy from its environment. When we bake pizza, the dough would absorb the heat and make it expanded and become crisp. Other example of an endothermic process is when we boil water until it evaporated.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.