Refer to the periodic table tool and write the electron configurations of the following elements in both long and short terms

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Carbon

[He] 2s2 2p2

1s2 2s2 2p2.

potassium

[Ar] 4s1.

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

Explanation:-

For writing the short form of the electronic configuration we look for the nearest noble gas with atomic number less than the element in question. We subtract the atomic number of that noble gas from the atomic number of the element in question.

The extra electrons we then assign normally starting with using the row after the noble gas ends. We write the name of that noble gas in [brackets] and then write the electronic configuration.

For carbon with Z = 6 the nearest noble gas is Helium. It has the atomic number 2. Subtracting 6 – 2 we get 4 electrons. Helium lies in 1st row. Starting with 2, we get 2s2 2p2.

So the short term electronic configuration is [He] 2s2 2p2

Similarly, for potassium with Z = 19 the nearest noble gas is Argon. It has the atomic number 18. Subtracting 19-18 we get 1 electron. Argon lies in 3rd row. Starting with 4, we get 4s1.

So the short electronic configuration is [Ar] 4s1.

For long term electronic configuration we must write the electronic configuration of the noble gas as well.

So for Carbon it is 1s2 2s2 2p2.

For potassium it is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

a rain shadow is a dry region of land on the side that is protected against the prevailing winds of a mountain range. the prevailing winds are the winds that occur most of the time in a particular place of the earth

prevailing winds carry air toward the mountain range. as the air rises up over a mountain range, the air cools, water vapor condenses, and clouds form. on this side of the mountains, called the windward side, precipitation falls in the form of  rain  or snow. this dry air produces a  rain shadow.