Le chatelier’s principle does not consider to be a source of stress to an equilibrium. a. temperature b. pressure c. solids d. gases e. catalysts

Option (E) is the correct answer.

Le Chatelier’s principle used to observe the effect of change in conditions such as pressure, temperature, and concentration on equilibrium.

Equilibrium state is affected by the change in temperature, pressure, and concentration. It also depends upon the state of matter i.e. solid, liquid and gas because change in temperature, pressure and concentration occurs according to state of matter.

Catalyst is used to increase the rate of reaction, no change in equilibrium state will occur due to catalyst.

Thus, Le Chatelier’s principle does not consider catalyst to be a source of stress to an equilibrium.

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.