You dissolve 8.65 grams of lead(ii) nitrate in water, and then you add 2.50 grams of aluminum. this reaction occurs: 2al(s) + 3pb(no3)2(aq) → 3pb(s) + 2al(no3)3(aq). what’s the theoretical yield of solid lead? use the ideal gas resource and the periodic table. a. 5.41 g b. 11.2 g c. 19.2 g d. 28.8 g

              Option-A  =  5.41 g of Pb

Solution:

The Balance Chemical Equation is as follow,

                        2 Al + 3 Pb(NO₃)₂     →     3 Pb + 2 Al(NO₃)₃

Step 1: Calculate the Limiting Reagent,

According to Balance equation,

             53.96 g (2 mol) Al reacts with  =  993.6 g (3 mol) of Pb(NO₃)₂

So,

                   2.50 g of Al will react with  =  X g of Pb(NO₃)₂

Solving for X,

                       X =  (2.50 g × 993.6 g) ÷ 53.96 g

                      X  =  46.03 g of Pb(NO₃)₂

It means 2.50 g of Aluminium requires 46.03 g of Pb(NO₃)₂, while we are provided with only 8.65 g of Pb(NO₃)₂. Therefore, Pb(NO₃)₂ is the limiting reagent and will control the yield of products.

Step 2: Calculate amount of Lead produced,

According to equation,

            993.6 g (3 mol) of Pb(NO₃)₂ produces  =  621.6 g of Pb

So,

         8.65 g (3 mol) of Pb(NO₃)₂ will produce  =  X g of Pb

Solving for X,

                      X  =  (8.65 g × 621.6 g) ÷ 993.6 g

                      X  =  5.41 g of Pb

A)  5.41 g

Explanation:

To calculate the moles, we use the equation:

a) moles of

b) moles of

The balanced reaction is:

According to stoichiometry :

3 moles of require 2 moles of

Thus 0.0261 moles of require=  of

Thus is the limiting reagent as it limits the formation of product.

As 3 moles of give = 3 moles of

Thus 0.0261 moles of give =  of

Mass of

Thus 5.41 g of will be produced from the given masses of both reactants.

"among the transition metal elements, manganese and zinc have a slight lowering of electronegativities. the reason behind this is that the nuclear charges of these elements are slightly weaker than the other transition metal elements due to the way their valence electrons are filled up. both manganese and zinc have their valence electrons filled up to the 4th shell with 1 pair of electrons (4s2) completely occupying it. although the electrons in the 3rd shell (3d) are yet to be paired since the outer most shell is filled up, the ability of the nucleus to attract electrons is lessened. hence,   the electronegativity (or the ability to attract electrons) is lessened."

i believe the answer is true.