What is the role of radiation in transferring thermal energy from visible light to the atmosphere?

Downwelling radiation causes heating of the earth’s surface due to direct sunlight absorption and also due to the back radiation from the atmosphere

Upward radiation contributes to cooling and ensures that the absorbed energy from the sun and the terrestrial radiation can be rendered back to space and the earth’s temperature can be stabilized.

i hope this helps :)

it would be a gas formation