Construct a flow chart to demonstrate how you could separate a mixture of 1,4- dichlorobenzene, 4-chlorobenzoic acid, and 4-chloroaniline using an extraction procedure. (see the last section of technique 10.1 for a short discussion on flow charts) 6. deduce

Explanation:

Hello,

On the attached picture, you will find the corresponding flowchart for the requested extraction.

In this case, the first step consists on the addition of ether and diluted hydrochloric acid in order to ionize the 4-chloroaniline into an aqueous-like phase to subsequently reform it to neutral. On side of it, the other phase contains both 4-chlorobenzoic acid and 1,4- dichlorobenzene and is separated again with ether but now in the presence of sodium bicarbonate in order to form aqueous-like sodium 4-chlorobenzoate to subsequently take it back to 4-chlorobenzoic acid (second phase 1 sub process). At the time, the 1,4- dichlorobenzene is separated through the second organic phase 2.

This extraction is attained by forming non-organic intermediates which are immiscible with the additional organic fraction in each step, in order to achieve the process successfully by gravity separations (separating funnel).

Best regards.