:increasing raises the boiling point of a liquid. a. the amount of liquid b. pressure c. volume

b. pressure

Explanation:

The boiling point of a substance increases as the pressure increases. The boiling points of a liquid is the temperature at which the liquid converts to vapor. At this point the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure surrounding the liquid.

Heating increases the temperature of liquid, thereby increasing the pressure . As pressure increases the energy required to boil also increases, causing an increase in the boiling points.  

the number of valence electrons for each molecule or ion is shown beneath the structure. remember hydrogen will not have more than two electrons. this hydrogen is part of a covalent bond (sharing two electrons). a double bond here would cause hydrogen to share four electrons with phosphorus.

it's filtration, but this is an assumption so my apologies if i got this