How many moles of methanol must be added to 4.50 kg of water to lower its freezing point to -11.0 ∘c? for each mole of solute, the freezing point of 1 kg of water is lowered 1.86 ∘ c.

Given:

Mass of solvent water = 4.50 kg

Freezing point of the solution = -11 C

Freezing point depression constant = 1.86 C/m

To determine:

Moles of methanol to be added

Explanation:

The freezing point depression ΔTf is related to the molality m through the constant kf, as follows:

ΔTf = kf*m

where ΔTf = Freezing point of pure solvent (water) - Freezing pt of solution

ΔTf = 0 C - (-11.0 C) = 11.0 C

m = molality = moles of methanol/kg of water = moles of methanol/4.50 kg

11.0 = 1.86 * moles of methanol/4.50

moles of methanol = 26.613 moles

Ans: Thus around 26.6 moles of methanol should be added to 4.50 kg of water.

a. patterns can explain observations.