In which two ways did rutherford change thomson's model of the atom?

Rutherford and JJ Thomson, both were the scientists who tried to explore and explain the structure of atoms.

J.J Thomson was the scientist who discovered electrons in the atoms during the beginning of 1900s. However, soon after that he presented a model for the structure of atom called "plum pudding" model. As per his model, atom is like a round ball in which  protons and electrons floating without any line of separation between them.

However, in 1911 Rutherford presented his atomic model after doing an experimentation to test Thomson's model. In his experiment, he fired positive particles (HE^2+) on a very thin gold foil. He observed that many particles went straight through the foil but some of them deflected at different angles. He thought that if positive particles are deflecting, it means that there is some repulsion force (positive thing) which is repelling positive particles. There he got the clue of the nucleus, that protons are present in the center of the atom in the nucleus.

So he presented a model that was very different from Thomson's model. According to it, an atom contains nucleus at its center in which protons reside. This is why nucleus is positively charged. Moreover, as per Rutherford, most of the mass of an atom was concentrated in the nucleus.

Since Thomson did not gave any clue about this precision of atomic structure, this is how Rutherford's atomic structure is more precise and different than Thomson's. (please see image)

Hope it helps!

the number of valence electrons for each molecule or ion is shown beneath the structure. remember hydrogen will not have more than two electrons. this hydrogen is part of a covalent bond (sharing two electrons). a double bond here would cause hydrogen to share four electrons with phosphorus.

explanation:

let the different atoms be x and y. each with four protons and same mass will be represented as follows.

mass number is number of protons + number of neutrons.

            and  

since, it is given that one has a negative charge while the other is neutral. therefore, there will be increase in number of protons and the atom will be represented as follows.

according to periodic table, mass number of beryllium is 9 and it has atomic number 4 so, the atoms will be and .  

the protons and neutrons will be located inside the nucleus whereas the electrons will be revolving around the nucleus.