Chem carbon tetrachloride has been widely used in the cleaning industry, in fire extinguishers, and as a refrigerant. construct an explanation of how carbon and chlorine combine to form carbon tetrachloride. a) nonmetal carbon shares valence electrons with each nonmetal chlorine forming four covalent bonds. b) nonmetal carbon loses a valence electron and chlorine metal gains a valence electron to form an ionic bond. c) carbon and chlorine are nonmetals and they shares their valence electrons to become ions and form ionic bonds. d) chlorine metal loses a valence electron to become a cation and nonmetal carbon gains a valence electron to become an anion forming a covalent bond.

A) Nonmetal carbon shares valence electrons with each nonmetal chlorine forming four covalent bonds.

Explanation: Carbon has atomic no 6. It has 4 valence electrons. It can only share electrons as it is difficult to gain or lose 4 electrons to complete it's octet.

Chlorine has atomic no 17 . It has 7 valence electrons and need one electron to complete its octet.

Thus carbon will share 4 electrons, one each with four chlorine atoms to form carbon tetra chloride.

Covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons whereas Ionic bond is formed by transfer of electrons between atoms.

answer: the enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction is +87.88 kj or +88 kj.

according to hess's law, the overall enthalpy of a reaction is the difference between the sum of enthalpy values of all the products and the sum of enthalpy values of all the reactants.

δh(reaction) = ∑nδh(products) - ∑nδh(reactants)

δh(reaction) = [δh +δh] - [δh]

δh(reaction) = [1(-287.02) + 1(0) ] - [1(-374.9)] kj = +87.88 kj

here, δh (pcl3) = -287.02 kj, δh(cl2) = 0, δh(pcl5) = -374.9 kj

therefore, enthalpy of the overall reaction is +87.88 kj or +88 kj.